再论MDCB地震监测仪的映震效果

分析了 Ｍ Ｄ Ｃ Ｂ 型地震监测仪在廊坊连续４２ 个月观测期间, 所记录的类地应力值、８ 方位异常值和异常频度等１４ 种电磁波地震前兆异常参数的动态趋势、方向性反映、临震变化与一定范围内一定强度地震的对应关系, 并得出了电磁波前兆异常参数与地震数量关系的初步结果。     

Ecological variables influencing the diversity and distribution of macrolichens colonizing Quercus leucotrichophora in Uttarakhand forest

Ecological variables play a significant role in determining the diversity and distribution of any living organism on earth. Lichens are not exceptional and are quite sensitive in comparison to other organisms; hence the present study focuses on the impact of ecological variables on the diversity and distribution of epiphytic macrolichens colonizing Quercus leucotrichophora across eight different sites(50 m × 50 m) in Thal Ke Dhar forest, Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. For sampling of macrolichens, 200 trees(25 trees from each site) of Q.leucotrichophora were selected from each site and five quadrats of 5 cm × 10 cm(1000 quadrats in totality) were drawn at the tree trunk. From all the sampled trees, a total of 54 species of epiphytic macrolichens belonging to 18 genera and five families were recorded. Various ecological variables, namely altitude, aspect, slope, diameter at breast height(DBH), and lopping percent(partial cutting of the twigs as disturbance), were also analyzed to investigate their influence on macrolichen species composition and distribution pattern in the study area. For the determination of relationships between these variables, statistical analysis, namely Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Polynomial regression analysis and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)were performed. Out of all variables, lopping was significantly correlated to species richness of epiphytic macrolichens(0.712~*, p0.05) and it was confirmed by Pearson's Correlation Coefficient.Despite of having high anthropogenic pressure or impact through lopping, the maximum number of macrolichen species was recorded at elevation 2267 meter above sea level(m asl). The present study revealed that besides other ecological variables,lopping practices can act as a key parameter incontrolling the diversity and distribution not only of epiphytic macrolichens but also of other life forms such as bryophytes, pteridophytes, insects, birds etc.and can be either negatively or positively correlated.     

Spatio-temporal Pattern and Spatial Heterogeneity of Ecotones Based oh Land Use Types of Southeastern Da Hinggan Mountains in China

Ecotones have received great attention due to its critical function in energy flux, species harbor, global carbon sequestration, and land-atmosphere interaction. This study investigated land use pattern and spatial heterogeneity of the ecotones among agricultural land, forest land, and grassland of the southeastern Da Hinggan Mountains in the northeastern China. The change of these delineated ecotones under different slopes and aridity conditions was analyzed by two landscape indices, edge density(ED) and core area percentage of landscape(CPL), to explore the inter-linkage between spatial structure of ecotones and socioeconomic development and land management. Specifically, the ecotones such as agriculture-forest(AF) ecotone, forest-grassland(FG) ecotone, and agriculture-forestgrassland(AFG) ecotone moved from the arid southeast to the humid northwest. The flat area with small slope is more edge-fragmented than the steep area since the ED decreases as the slope increases. The AF ecotone mostly found in the humid region is moving to more humid areas while the agriculture-grassland(AG) ecotone mostly found in the dry region is moving towards the drier region.     

海相油页岩的生烃动力学特征——以燕山地区下马岭组油页岩为例

油页岩是未来重要的补充与替代能源。通过开放体系程序升温热模拟实验,对燕山地区下马岭组海相油页岩进行了研究。结果表明:其热裂解反应主要发生在440～480℃,表观生烃活化能集中分布于170～290 kJ/mol,主峰约为240 kJ/mol,明显高于陆相油页岩(抚顺油页岩和茂名油页岩),而与下古生界海相烃源岩(甘肃平凉奥陶系灰岩及爱沙尼亚奥陶系Kukersite油页岩)活化能分布范围及主峰位置相似。以ICP技术规范为例,在相同热历史条件下,通过数值模拟认识到下马岭组海相油页岩主生烃温度为275～325℃,高于湖相油页岩(265～305℃),而与下古生界海相烃源岩相似,表明其可能具有与古生界海相有机质相似的生烃机理。     

朝鲜北西部地质构造特征及主要断裂活动性

着重论述了朝鲜北西部五条主要断裂的活动性、简要地叙述了这些断裂的概略特征,认为北东向的鸭绿江东支断裂、清川江断裂为中、晚更新世有活动,早更新世有明显活动的断裂;北西向的载宁江断裂为中更新世有活动,早更新世有明显活动的断裂;在北西西向断裂中,长林断裂为早更新世—上新世活动断裂,南江断裂活动时代不详。其活动性最明显的为鸭绿江东支断裂和载宁江断裂,次为清川江断裂和长林断裂,再是南江断裂。最后,还讨论了这些断裂的形成与演化。     

Impact assessment of textile effluent on groundwater quality in the vicinity of Tirupur industrial area, southern India

Adverse effect of rapid industrialization on groundwater quality and quantity is widely known problem especially in developing countries. Tirupur, which is situated on the bank of Noyyal River in India, is known for intensive textile processing activities. As groundwater is the main water source for drinking water, there is an urgency to assess the groundwater quality. Twenty groundwater samples were collected for each post and pre-monsoon sampling during August 2009 and March 2010, respectively. Chemical and statistical analysis along with numerical modelling has been performed to assess the current status. The hydro-geochemical study revealed that the dominance of Mg–Cl and Na–HCO₃ groundwater type in the upstream region Tirupur industrial hub of Noyyal River basin. Na–Cl groundwater type was found increasing in industrial hub (Kasipalayam) and downstream of the industrial hub (Anaipalayam) sites. The dominance of Na–Cl type of water is mainly due to the impact of salts like NaCl, Na₂SO₄, etc. used in textile processing, which after discharge, percolate and accumulate in the aquifers. Seasonal groundwater quality of Tirupur region as a whole showed the dominance of Ca–HCO₃ ^?, Na–HCO₃ ^? and Na–Cl water types. PHREEQC model output indicates that nearly all the groundwater samples were oversaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite and undersaturated with respect to gypsum and halite. The results obtained in this study were then compared with groundwater quality of the Noyyal River basin for the year 2008–2009. Among the two sites, Kasipalayam was found to be most contaminated due to incessant industrial discharge. But with the advent of new treatment technologies like CETPs having zero liquid discharge system and MBR, there has been slight decline in the concentration of different physicochemical parameters from 2002–2003 to 2008–2009. This study not only makes situation alarming but also calls for immediate attention for sustainable management of water resources.     

Internal sedimentary architecture and coastal dynamics as revealed by ground penetrating radar, Kachchh coast, western India

The coastline constitutes a very sensitive geomorphic domain which is constantly subjected to dynamic coastal processes and stores vital information regarding past sea level fluctuations. A ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey was carried out along the northern coast of the Gulf of Kachchh which is one of the largest macrotidal inlets of the Arabian Sea, Western India. Our studies have delineated several radar surfaces and radar facies which reflect the internal architecture and sediment body geometry, which can be related to the processes acting along this coastline. Various radar facies, namely, beach ridge (Br), washover (Wo), coastal dune (Cd), swale (Sw), berm plain (Bp), and sandsheet facies (Ss) have been identified. The GPR studies successfully documented the subsurface presence of ancient beach ridge system towards the sea, and the coastal dunes towards the land side. The results are suggestive of signatures of changes in sea level and the coastline being prone to high energy events in the recent past. The GPR has been found to be an important non-invasive geophysical tool in the study of past coastal dynamics.     

TJ-Ⅱ型钻孔体应变仪数字化观测资料分析

对位于山东省不同地理、构造条件的4个TJ－Ⅱ型钻孔体应变仪数字化观测资料进行了分析，结果表明：4个台的体应变资料不同程度地受降雨、地下水位、气压、温度的影响，其完整性、稳定性和可靠性不同，记录地震波的能力也存在差异。